The lecture deals with the possibilities of realizing extremely high extraction capacities and extraction work per square meter of land area with flat heat exchangers in vertical installation position at a depth of 1.5 m through an application range down to -12 °C. The lecture also deals with the possibilities of realizing extremely high extraction capacities and extraction work per square meter of land area with flat heat exchangers in vertical installation position at a depth of 1.5 m through an application range down to -12 °C.
The characteristics of particularly suitable earths and possible measures for less suitable earths are discussed.
Alternatively, hybrid (mostly solar) source systems in addition to the earth-coupled source are discussed and corresponding design peculiarities in case of high flow temperatures in the heat sink or in case of high cooling loads to be covered by NC.
Furthermore, large-scale systems and cold local heating networks are considered; here, among others, compact system designs in several floors among each other.